We agree with our distributors on annual marketing plans and promotional activities on trade shows can be part of this.

Yes you should be able to keep a solution of Halamid (1-10%) for weeks under the condition it is kept away from direct sunlight. Stability is also dependent on pH, pH should remain above 7 to guarantee stability. A 1% solution of Halamid in demineralised water normally has a pH of 9.

One of the unique properties of Halamid is that it is stable in solution and nevertheless a very efficacious disinfectant. A 1-10 % solution can be stored for several weeks but needs protection against light and heat. Ideally a black container is used. Above 8 % concentration the temperature of the solution should not get below 20 C as otherwise some reversible crystallisation will take place.

General rule is that disinfectants should not be blended. Their different modes of action may mean dangerous gases may evolve and moreover the activity of the ingredients may react away.

You can buy dipslides online at for example at Dimanco or Oxoid.

A simple test on presence of micro organisms can be done before and after disinfection. Axcentive suggest the use of dipslides for this. The main advantage is that you measure exclusively microbiological activity. By selecting the right dips, you can measure even specific bacteria (e.g. Salmonella, E-coli). The disadvantages of this system are that it takes 24 hours for the result and that you need an incubator. The latter is not a big investment but makes that you do not have a totally handheld system. Other systems, but less suitable are based on measuring ATP (general hygiene) or DNA (expensive).

For more information on available dip slides in the market please follow for example this link: www.dimanco.com.

To neutralize a solution containing 1000 milligram of Halamid per litre solution, you need 70 mg of thiosulfate.

Halamid has not been registered for this application. The European Biocide Regulation will harmonize all European biocide registrations. In view of this harmonisation, Axcentive is no longer applying for new national registrations within Europe but is putting its resources in the European registration. Halamid is notified for product types 2, 3, 4 and 5 resp. industrial and institutional, veterinary, food and feed and drinking water.

Halamid used to be approved for organic farming in a.o. France based on safety and ecotoxicity data. The introduction of European criteria for organic farming changed the set up and consequently currently only natural or inorganic products are listed. This criteria of being ‘natural’ is in our view false as it approves toxic products such as formaldehyde or agressive products such as hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid and hypochlorite, whereas environmental friendly but synthetic alternatives such as Halamid(r) are available.

Halamid is killing methicillin resistant Staphylococcus areus already at concentration well below 0.3%.

The shelf life of Halamid is two years from production and is indicated on the packaging. Storage should be away from heat or sun light and in a dry place in the original and closed packing.

Typically chlorine is added to swimmingpools in tablet form, in which the tablet slowly and constantly releases chlorine.

Shock treatments (addition as powder or liquid) can be done as well but requires (bi)daily checking.

To get to 1.5 ppm Chlorine, you need to maintain the level at: 0.3 kg of Halamid into 50,000 liter pool.

To determine the residual Halamid® concentration in water one can do Halamid ion testing in which you measure the chlorine content:

Chlorine can be easily measured using strips, like you can find here.

Or use electronic devices:

See http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cSlR8VnVkDs for a simple tester from Hanna

Or http://www.testequipmentdepot.com/extech/pdf/cl200.pdf which presents a 1 step process

Multiply the chlorine level by 4. This will give you the residual Halamid® concentration expressed as its initial form (the tri-hydrate compound).

It must be said however Halamid is not very efficient to algae especially once grown, normally quats are used to control algea.

Under the specific conditions like catastrophes as floodings, earthquakes or volcano eruptions, HALAMID may be used to control the microbial growth in potable water. The amount applied should not excess 20ppm or 20 mg/l.

Water systems can be disinfected just like any other piece of equipment. disinfect with a 0.5% solution of HALAMID in water and rinse afterwards with fresh water.

Halamid has no surfactant activity and does not produce foam. If you prefer that surfaces treated with Halamid are more visible, a foam booster such as SLS (sodium lauryl sulfate), SLES (sodium laureth sulfate) can be added to Halamid in a concentration of 1:2000 (calculated on the Halamid solution used). Instead a pH-neutral cleaner containing SLES can be used.

Ringworm in a common skin disease of animals caused by fungal infections with Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum or Trichophyton mentagrophytes.

HALAMID will kill these pathogens normally at 5g/l or 0,5%.

HALAMID is not approved for human intake and thus may not stay on the vegetable. Vegetables and crops’ normally suffer from fungi and mildew mostly for which specific pesticides are offered in the market.

Water hardness is built up from two main groups: calcium hardness + magnesium hardness.

Calcium hardness is best described by the natural occurring salts of calcium, which are: calcite and gypsum, calcium carbonate: (CaCO₃) and calcium sulfate (CaSO₄) respectively.

Magnesium hardness consists of magnesite: magnesium carbonate (MgCO₃).

So the question is if these salts may interfere with the Halamid Ion in water. In water, there is a tendency to form badly or insoluble salts, which calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, magnesium carbonate in principle are. There would be little propensity to form salts with Halamid especially not in the concentrations used. This behaviour was confirmed by laboratory tests (ref 957) in which Halamid was tested on its efficacy on bacteria under soft to hard water hardness conditions. The efficacy was exactly the same for all degrees hardness.

If desired, water hardness may be combatted by the use of common complexing agents like EDTA, DTPA and NTA. We do warn to carefuly check the pH when adding complexing agents which are often added in their acidic form. pH below 7 may cause the Halamid solution to destabilize.

The Halamid efficacy gradually increases from lowering the pH from 10 to 7.

Below PH 7 a Halamid solution becomes insoluble and ineffective.

pH measured in a solution at 22 °C